In 2008, Russia argued that part of the reason for its military action in Georgia stemmed in part from the harm ethnic Russians faced from the Georgian government. Charter and through collective action with other countries. Russia’s distortion of R2P has largely focused on pillars one and two of the principle and ignored pillar three on working in accordance with the U.N. agreement on the R2P principle, Russia found greater justification for its military intervention by portraying ethnic Russians in post-Soviet countries as vulnerable groups needing protection from hostile governments. (An incantation that mirrored aspects of NATO’s moral justification for intervention in Kosovo.) In the years following the unanimous U.N.
#PRINCIPLE OF INTERVENTION SERIES#
Russia’s responses to a series of national protests in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan in the early to mid-2000s served as a testing ground for Russia’s evolving understanding of its “responsibility to protect.” During Ukraine’s Orange Revolution in late 2004 into early 2005, Russia claimed that the protests could lead to genocide against ethnic Russians. (It mattered little that those countries had already drawn up their citizenship laws designed to accommodate their ethnic Russian minorities.) Putin and the Russian World Thus, the Kremlin enacted a series of laws, programs and policies designed to address the status of ethnic Russians abroad, some of which provided the Kremlin with a convenient pretext for alleging discrimination. Redefining what it means to be Russian provides a way for the Russian state to project power and assert its influence in the internal affairs of its neighbors. As a result, under Putin, the Kremlin began to assert a broader conceptualization of “ Russianness” that extends beyond internationally defined territories and borders. Living in a country that had long been a multinational empire, it was difficult for many Russians to accept that many of their ethnic brethren now lived in foreign countries. These discussions about genocide prevention and military intervention coincided with Russia’s economic recovery in the 1990s in the wake of the Soviet collapse and its search for national identity in the first years of Putin’s presidency. There are three pillars to R2P: 1) Each state has the responsibility to protect its civilian populations from mass atrocity crimes 2) The international community has the responsibility to support states in meeting this protection responsibility and 3) When a state fails to protect its civilian populations, the international community should be prepared to take appropriate action together in accordance with the U.N. World Summit unanimously adopted it in 2005. After the International Committee on Intervention and State Sovereignty developed R2P in 2001, the U.N. The objective of R2P was to mobilize international collective action to protect populations from war crimes, genocide, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity when a nation fails in its responsibility to protect its citizens. From those discussions, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle emerged. (Tyler Hicks/The New York Times) Period of Upheaval and Changeįollowing a series of atrocities in the 1990s from Rwanda to Kosovo, the international community tried to identify what conditions would justify outside military intervention in a sovereign country’s internal affairs to prevent such tragedies from happening again. A Ukrainian soldier digs a trench in Odesa, Ukraine, on Wednesday, on March 16, 2022, as they continued to prepare for a Russian attack on the strategic port city. It also has bent the notion of Russian citizenship to justify its malign influence and use of force against other countries.
Russia has distorted those principles, twisting them instead to justify its intervention in the internal affairs of countries such as Estonia and Kazakhstan and, in the case of Ukraine, outright invasion.
The Kremlin has tried to base this assertion on the language of fighting genocide and the United Nations’ principle of “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P). As Russia’s war against Ukraine moves into its sixth week, one of Moscow’s justifications for its unprovoked act of aggression against its western neighbor rests on its claimed right to protect ethnic Russians from discrimination in foreign countries.
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